Currently, two genres of CAD/CAM systems exist. One is used only in-office, while the other genre is a combination of in-office scanning and image transmission and milling of restorations or pouring of models in the laboratory. All systems start with scanning of the preparation, the method depending on the specific system. CAD/CAM systems have developed considerably, offering accuracy and more options than previously. It can be envisioned that CAD/CAM technology developments will continue to offer dentistry more options for its use, including further CAD/CAM integration of procedures and imaging enhancements.

Upon completing this course, the reader should be able to do the following: Understand the key factors involved in achieving an ideal impression, be knowledgeable about techniques available for soft tissue retraction and hemostasis, understand the factors involved in tray and impression material selection, and be knowledgeable about techniques and materials available that will enhance impression material flow

Upon completion of this course, the clinician will be able to do the following: Understand the evolution of the use of microscopes in dentistry, know the improvements in treatment precision obtainable using a microscope, and understand how the integration of microscopes into the dental office can improve ergonomics and documentation, as well as aid communication.

The long-term success of endodontic therapy requires the provision of a clinically-acceptable restoration. Restorative considerations include whether or not a post is required and preparation design, as well as the materials used for posts, cores, and bonding agents.

Case acceptance, especially for those patients facing complex procedures such as implant dentistry, is a major factor for many dental health professionals. However, the failure of patients to carry through with a recommended course of treatment is not an insurmountable problem. Through a discussion of the various issues involved in case acceptance, this course addresses how the dentist can increase the odds of patient retention over time. This course includes analyses of patient readiness, psychological contributors from the patient’s point of view, and ways in which the dentist’s perception of the patient can positively or negatively influence case acceptance.

Traditionally in most practices, the fabrication process of new full dentures begins with the use of inaccurate stock impression trays with an alginate type material. These initial impressions are then poured and custom trays are created to begin the final phase of the impression procedure. This approach thus requires two appointments for final impressions along with auxiliary time in the fabrication of custom trays. An innovative, newly designed type of edentulous impression tray is used to capture all the fine detail of the edentulous arches in a single appointment, eliminating the necessity and expense of two appointments and the fabrication of custom impression trays. This impression system employs the use of different viscosities of polyvinyl siloxane impression material to capture the fine anatomic details with the appropriate amount of pressure and optimal vestibular extension.

With the increase in cosmetic dental procedures being performed clinically, provisional restorations have become more of a diagnostic tool than simply a space maintainer. Properly contoured provisional restorations assist in maintaining the gingival health, protecting the pulpal tissue, and serving as a blueprint for the laboratory when fabricating the fi nal restorations. This article discusses why provisionals are as important as the final restorations, how to fabricate provisionals, and techniques to simplify those procedures chairside.

Early tooth-colored restorative materials were weak and only suitable for anterior teeth. Over time, composites were developed that offered improved properties enabling their use in posterior teeth where subject to occlusal loading and forces of mastication. Secondary caries is the main reason for failure of both amalgam and composite restorations. Amalgam restorations offer ease-of-use but poor esthetics. In the case of composite restorations, minimizing polymerization shrinkage, wear and discoloration increase the longevity of these restorations. Posterior composite resins offer excellent esthetics, the main driver for patients who prefer composite fillings.